Kubwereranso Kumbuyo Kwa Mbiri Ya Masewera Amakanema
Pazinthu zonse zomwe ma 1970 adatulutsa, pali zochepa zomwe zidakhudza kwambiri chikhalidwe ngati masewera apakanema. Palibe funso kuti masewera apakanema akhala othandiza kwambiri pagulu komanso imodzi mwamasewera otchuka kwambiri. Mwayi ngati muli ndi zaka zosakwana 40, mudasewera, ena a ife kwambiri. Panali Atari, Intellivision ndi Colecovision. Musaiwale Sega ndi Nintendo. Lero pali masamba omwe amakulolani kutsitsa masewera aulere pa intaneti.
Ndipo ngati mukukumbukira masiku amenewo a kumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 70 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 80, mukukumbukira kuti masewerawa amadalira kusintha kwazithunzi komanso njira zabwino zowombera mdani. Zinali zochepa chabe. Pakukula kwa intaneti komanso masewera apa intaneti, zinthu zambiri zasintha, kuphatikiza kutha kutsitsa masewera ndikusewera pa intaneti, kupanga masewera azisangalalo, ndi osewera ambiri, kapena otsutsana akusewera wina ndi mnzake ochokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana. Izi zitha kukhala kusintha kwakukulu ‘komanso phindu laposachedwa lomwe masewera adapereka kudziko lapansi.
Nanga bwanji masiku oyambirira? Zinayamba bwanji ndipo ndimasewera amakanema ati omwe amafotokoza nthawiyo?
Otsogola
Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti Pong inali masewera apanyumba omwe adayambitsa zonse, koma kwenikweni anali Magnavox ndi kachitidwe kawo ka ‘Odyssey’ mu 1972. Ngakhale zinali zosavuta, zidali zoyambirira. Inali ndimasewera khumi ndi awiri osavuta okhala ndi zojambula. Komabe, panali mipata yambiri yosinthira, ndipo ndipamene Pong idayamba.
Nolan Bushnell adapanga Pong, limodzi ndi Al Alcorn, yemwe adayambitsa Atari. Mphekesera zikunena kuti pamene zinayesedwa pa bar ya ku California, makinawo adawonongeka patatha masiku awiri, chifukwa anali otchuka kwambiri. Gawo lotsatirali linali kupanga mtundu wanyumba. Chifukwa chake, patatha chaka chimodzi, Atari adatulutsa Pong, yokwanira ndi zomata, komanso wokamba nkhani. Zachidziwikire, Pong idachita bwino kwambiri ndipo idayimira gawo latsopano pakusintha kwamasewera. Pongogogoda zopitilira makumi asanu ndi limodzi zimapangidwa, koma Atari idalamulira msika.
Chotsatira chinali kukhazikitsa microprocessor, yomwe makampani onse adatsata. Chifukwa cha izi, makina ovuta kwambiri amatha kupangidwa. Machitidwewa adabweretsa zowononga komanso zowunikira zomwe sizinawonekerepo kale. Ogulitsa anali kuzidya. Makampaniwa anali akuyaka moto. Mu 1981 mokha, madola 5 biliyoni adagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina opanga makanema ndipo madola mabiliyoni ena adagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina apakanema apanyumba. Makina a VCS / 2600 a Atari adakhalabe wosewera wamkulu mpaka 1982, pomwe msika wamasewera udawonongeka.
Kodi masewera ena akulu anali otani? Nanga bwanji Pac Man? Pac Man, blob yachikaso yomwe idadya madontho ndikupewa mizukwa ngati squid, inali yotengeka padziko lonse lapansi ndipo mwina inali masewera akulu kwambiri nthawi zonse.
Space Invader inali masewera ena otchuka kwambiri. M’malo mwake, zidasinthiratu kusintha kwamasewera a Arcade, kuwatulutsa m’mabala ndikulowa m’malo ochezeka mabanja monga mashopu ndi malo odyera. Cholinga cha Space Invader chinali kuyimitsa kuwukira kwachilendo. Njira yosavuta imeneyi idakhala masewera othamanga kwambiri nthawi zonse.
Komanso panali Super Mario, yomwe inali yayikulu. Zimakhudza wotsutsa ngwazi waku Italiya yemwe adapangidwa mwadala ngati chikhalidwe chomwe aliyense angafanane nacho. Posakhalitsa pambuyo pake kunabwera Zelda, Metroid, ndi zina zapamwamba.
Dzuka ndi Kugwa kwa Atari
Atari inali chinthu chotentha kwambiri pamasewera osewerera kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 80. Lero, iwo ndi gawo la ulemerero wakale. Ndiye chinachitika ndi chiyani? Atari adapanga zisankho zoyipa, ndipo ngakhale ndizovuta pang’ono, zimathandiza kumvetsetsa momwe zinthu ziliri. Panthawiyo mdziko lama kompyuta, maginito mediums adakwaniritsidwa posungira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina a Arcade. Ma mediums awa amalola kuti azitha kukumbukira bwino kuposa ma cartridge a ROM.
Mu 1982, Atari anali ndi mwayi wophatikizira disk drive pamakina awo. Kusiyana kwamitengo kukadakhala kosatchulika, komanso kukumbukira kukumbukira kukadakhala kofunikira. Atari, komabe, amaganiza kuti maginito atolankhani anali ‘osalimba’ kuti ogula azigwiritsa ntchito bwino. ‘Kuda nkhawa’ kwa Atari kasitomala kudawabweza. M’zaka zam’mbuyomu, panali mzere wabwino kwambiri wopatula masewera a Arcade kuchokera pamasewera apanyumba. Ndi ma arcade ogwiritsa ntchito kosungira kosakwanira kakhumi mpaka makumi anayi ndi kasanu kuposa nyumba zomwe mzere wabwino udakhala phompho. Masewera a Arcade akuwoneka kuti akusintha modabwitsa, pomwe makina anyumba amaoneka ngati ‘otanganidwa nthawi.’
Anthu sanasangalale ndi zotonthoza zamasewera apakanema, ndipo malonda adatsika. Izi zikuwonetsa kutha kwa ulamuliro wa Atari pamsika wamavidiyo.
Kukula Kwatsopano
Mu 1984, zonse zidasintha. Chifukwa chake? Zinthu ziwiri zatsopano Kuchepetsa mtengo wa tchipisi cha Dynamic RAM (DRAM) komwe kumapangitsa kukumbukira zambiri, ndikupanga ma processor apamwamba a 8-bit, zomwe zimatsitsa mitengo yazipsu zam’mbuyomu. Sega, wosewera watsopano pamasewera apanyumba, adalowa mumsika wa console ndi Master System 2. Sega Master system imatha kugulitsa kwambiri